The Police-Civilian Foot Patrol: An Evaluation of the PAC-TAC Experiemnt in Rochester, New York (June 1975)
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">A look at the origins of the PAC-TAC program.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">From the abstract:</p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"> </p><div class="page" title="Page 6"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">PAC-TAC was an experimental Pilot City demonstration program, conducted in 1973-74, which paired Rochester police officers and local citizens walking beats in selected Rochester neighborhoods. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">This report presents an analysis of data collected and analyzed under the supervision of Pilot City staff, as part of the overall evaluation of the PAC-TAC I-II program. Three kinds of evidence about the program are examined -- ethnographic data on the teams' work in various neighborhoods; an analysis of the attitudes<br>of team members and their reported work; and an analysis of the effects of the experimental stimuli on records of offenses and arrests during the period o f the program. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">The report indicates that the PAC-TAC experiment did not have a consistent effect upon crime, and may have operated both to deter crime and to increase reporting in same instances. A tendency to displace reported offenses in both time and space was also observed. Ethnographic observations suggest that the police partner in police- civilian teams consistently dominated, determining team style and division of labor; significant differences cmung officers' approaches to their role were noted, however. The report concludes that while foot patrols cannot be expected to produce much impact on crime, the PAC-TAC experience can provide a basis for further experimentation in the use of foot patrols to reduce police-community estrangement. </span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-font-kerning:.5pt">Smith, T. S., Williams, J. E., & Smith, R. L. (1975). <i>The police-civilian foot patrol: An evaluation of the Pac-Tac Experiment in Rochester, New York </i>(Report No. 33). Rochester, NY: Rochester-Monroe County Criminal Justice Pilot City Program. [[{"fid":"15019","view_mode":"default","fields":{"format":"default","alignment":""},"link_text":"PACTAC report 1970s.pdf","type":"media","field_deltas":{"1":{"format":"default","alignment":""}},"attributes":{"class":"media-element file-default","data-delta":"1"}}]]</span></p><p> <style type="text/css"> @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Charter Roman"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 5 6 2 2 3; mso-font-alt:"CHARTER ROMAN"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-2147483473 268443722 0 0 17 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}</style> </p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">A look at the origins of the PAC-TAC program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">From the abstract:</p> <blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"> </p> <div class="page" title="Page 6"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">PAC-TAC was an experimental Pilot City demonstration program, conducted in 1973-74, which paired Rochester police officers and local citizens walking beats in selected Rochester neighborhoods. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">This report presents an analysis of data collected and analyzed under the supervision of Pilot City staff, as part of the overall evaluation of the PAC-TAC I-II program. Three kinds of evidence about the program are examined -- ethnographic data on the teams' work in various neighborhoods; an analysis of the attitudes<br />of team members and their reported work; and an analysis of the effects of the experimental stimuli on records of offenses and arrests during the period o f the program. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">The report indicates that the PAC-TAC experiment did not have a consistent effect upon crime, and may have operated both to deter crime and to increase reporting in same instances. A tendency to displace reported offenses in both time and space was also observed. Ethnographic observations suggest that the police partner in police- civilian teams consistently dominated, determining team style and division of labor; significant differences cmung officers' approaches to their role were noted, however. The report concludes that while foot patrols cannot be expected to produce much impact on crime, the PAC-TAC experience can provide a basis for further experimentation in the use of foot patrols to reduce police-community estrangement. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-font-kerning:.5pt">Smith, T. S., Williams, J. E., & Smith, R. L. (1975). <i>The police-civilian foot patrol: An evaluation of the Pac-Tac Experiment in Rochester, New York </i>(Report No. 33). Rochester, NY: Rochester-Monroe County Criminal Justice Pilot City Program. <div class="media media-element-container media-default"><div id="file-15019" class="file file-document file-application-pdf"> <h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/file/15019">PACTAC report 1970s.pdf</a></h2> <div class="content"> <span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="http://rochester.indymedia.org/sites/default/files/PACTAC%20report%201970s.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=21639282">PACTAC report 1970s.pdf</a></span> </div> </div> </div></span></p> <p><style type="text/css"> <!--/*--><![CDATA[/* ><!--*/ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Charter Roman"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 5 6 2 2 3; mso-font-alt:"CHARTER ROMAN"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-2147483473 268443722 0 0 17 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} /*--><!]]>*/ </style></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">A look at the origins of the PAC-TAC program.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">From the abstract:</p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"> </p><div class="page" title="Page 6"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">PAC-TAC was an experimental Pilot City demonstration program, conducted in 1973-74, which paired Rochester police officers and local citizens walking beats in selected Rochester neighborhoods. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">This report presents an analysis of data collected and analyzed under the supervision of Pilot City staff, as part of the overall evaluation of the PAC-TAC I-II program. Three kinds of evidence about the program are examined -- ethnographic data on the teams' work in various neighborhoods; an analysis of the attitudes<br>of team members and their reported work; and an analysis of the effects of the experimental stimuli on records of offenses and arrests during the period o f the program. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">The report indicates that the PAC-TAC experiment did not have a consistent effect upon crime, and may have operated both to deter crime and to increase reporting in same instances. A tendency to displace reported offenses in both time and space was also observed. Ethnographic observations suggest that the police partner in police- civilian teams consistently dominated, determining team style and division of labor; significant differences cmung officers' approaches to their role were noted, however. The report concludes that while foot patrols cannot be expected to produce much impact on crime, the PAC-TAC experience can provide a basis for further experimentation in the use of foot patrols to reduce police-community estrangement. </span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-font-kerning:.5pt">Smith, T. S., Williams, J. E., & Smith, R. L. (1975). <i>The police-civilian foot patrol: An evaluation of the Pac-Tac Experiment in Rochester, New York </i>(Report No. 33). Rochester, NY: Rochester-Monroe County Criminal Justice Pilot City Program. [[{"fid":"15019","view_mode":"default","fields":{"format":"default","alignment":""},"link_text":"PACTAC report 1970s.pdf","type":"media","field_deltas":{"1":{"format":"default","alignment":""}},"attributes":{"class":"media-element file-default","data-delta":"1"}}]]</span></p><p> <style type="text/css"> @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Charter Roman"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 5 6 2 2 3; mso-font-alt:"CHARTER ROMAN"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-2147483473 268443722 0 0 17 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}</style> </p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">A look at the origins of the PAC-TAC program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">From the abstract:</p> <blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"> </p> <div class="page" title="Page 6"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">PAC-TAC was an experimental Pilot City demonstration program, conducted in 1973-74, which paired Rochester police officers and local citizens walking beats in selected Rochester neighborhoods. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">This report presents an analysis of data collected and analyzed under the supervision of Pilot City staff, as part of the overall evaluation of the PAC-TAC I-II program. Three kinds of evidence about the program are examined -- ethnographic data on the teams' work in various neighborhoods; an analysis of the attitudes<br />of team members and their reported work; and an analysis of the effects of the experimental stimuli on records of offenses and arrests during the period o f the program. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">The report indicates that the PAC-TAC experiment did not have a consistent effect upon crime, and may have operated both to deter crime and to increase reporting in same instances. A tendency to displace reported offenses in both time and space was also observed. Ethnographic observations suggest that the police partner in police- civilian teams consistently dominated, determining team style and division of labor; significant differences cmung officers' approaches to their role were noted, however. The report concludes that while foot patrols cannot be expected to produce much impact on crime, the PAC-TAC experience can provide a basis for further experimentation in the use of foot patrols to reduce police-community estrangement. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-font-kerning:.5pt">Smith, T. S., Williams, J. E., & Smith, R. L. (1975). <i>The police-civilian foot patrol: An evaluation of the Pac-Tac Experiment in Rochester, New York </i>(Report No. 33). Rochester, NY: Rochester-Monroe County Criminal Justice Pilot City Program. <div class="media media-element-container media-default"><div id="file-15019" class="file file-document file-application-pdf"> <h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/file/15019">PACTAC report 1970s.pdf</a></h2> <div class="content"> <span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="http://rochester.indymedia.org/sites/default/files/PACTAC%20report%201970s.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=21639282">PACTAC report 1970s.pdf</a></span> </div> </div> </div></span></p> <p><style type="text/css"> <!--/*--><![CDATA[/* ><!--*/ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Charter Roman"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 5 6 2 2 3; mso-font-alt:"CHARTER ROMAN"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-2147483473 268443722 0 0 17 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} /*--><!]]>*/ </style></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">A look at the origins of the PAC-TAC program.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%">From the abstract:</p> <blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"> </p> <div class="page" title="Page 6"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">PAC-TAC was an experimental Pilot City demonstration program, conducted in 1973-74, which paired Rochester police officers and local citizens walking beats in selected Rochester neighborhoods. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">This report presents an analysis of data collected and analyzed under the supervision of Pilot City staff, as part of the overall evaluation of the PAC-TAC I-II program. Three kinds of evidence about the program are examined -- ethnographic data on the teams' work in various neighborhoods; an analysis of the attitudes<br />of team members and their reported work; and an analysis of the effects of the experimental stimuli on records of offenses and arrests during the period o f the program. </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Helvetica'">The report indicates that the PAC-TAC experiment did not have a consistent effect upon crime, and may have operated both to deter crime and to increase reporting in same instances. A tendency to displace reported offenses in both time and space was also observed. Ethnographic observations suggest that the police partner in police- civilian teams consistently dominated, determining team style and division of labor; significant differences cmung officers' approaches to their role were noted, however. The report concludes that while foot patrols cannot be expected to produce much impact on crime, the PAC-TAC experience can provide a basis for further experimentation in the use of foot patrols to reduce police-community estrangement. </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </blockquote> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;line-height:200%"><span style="mso-font-kerning:.5pt">Smith, T. S., Williams, J. E., & Smith, R. L. (1975). <i>The police-civilian foot patrol: An evaluation of the Pac-Tac Experiment in Rochester, New York </i>(Report No. 33). Rochester, NY: Rochester-Monroe County Criminal Justice Pilot City Program. <div class="media media-element-container media-default"><div id="file-15019" class="file file-document file-application-pdf"> <h2 class="element-invisible"><a href="/file/15019">PACTAC report 1970s.pdf</a></h2> <div class="content"> <span class="file"><img class="file-icon" alt="PDF icon" title="application/pdf" src="/modules/file/icons/application-pdf.png" /> <a href="http://rochester.indymedia.org/sites/default/files/PACTAC%20report%201970s.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=21639282">PACTAC report 1970s.pdf</a></span> </div> </div> </div></span></p> <p><style type="text/css"> <!--/*--><![CDATA[/* ><!--*/ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)"; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-alt:"Times New Roman"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:auto; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Charter Roman"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 5 6 2 2 3; mso-font-alt:"CHARTER ROMAN"; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-2147483473 268443722 0 0 17 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} /*--><!]]>*/ </style></p>
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